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Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution
The dechristianization of France during the French Revolution is a conventional description of the results of a number of separate policies conducted by various governments of France between the start of the French Revolution in 1789 and the Concordat of 1801, forming the basis of the later and less radical Laïcité movement. The goal of the campaign was the destruction of Catholic religious practice and of the religion itself.〔Tallet, Frank (Religion, Society and Politics in France Since 1789 ) pp. 1-17 1991 Continuum International Publishing〕 There has been much scholarly debate over whether the movement was popularly motivated or something forced upon the people by those in power.〔
==The Church under the ''Ancien Régime''==
In 18th-century France, ninety-five percent of the population were adherents of the Catholic Church; most of the rest were Protestant Huguenots, who, although greatly outnumbered by the Catholics, nonetheless retained powerful positions in French local governments. (There was also a small population of Jews, amounting to around 40,000, and a very small Islamic community; in a country whose total population was at least 27 million, however, these groups remained numerically negligible.) The Ancien Régime institutionalised the authority of the clergy in its status as the First Estate of the realm. As the largest landowner in the country, the Catholic Church controlled properties which provided massive revenues from its tenants; the Church also had an enormous income from the collection of tithes. Since the Church kept the registry of births, deaths, and marriages and was the only institution that provided primary and secondary education and hospitals, it influenced all citizens.
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